France by train

Travelling on French trains can be an exhilarating experience, and once you’re used to the many quirks of national rail operator SNCF, it can be less complicated then it first seems.

These are the eighteen things that are particularly useful to know about French rail travel:

1. The French national rail operator is SNCF and it manages virtually all train services in France.
2. Most French cities are served by high speed rail lines on which trains travel at up to 300 km/h, but those which aren't include Caen, Clermont-Ferrand, Le Havre, Limoges and Rouen.
3. On most of the high speed routes there is a choice between a regular InOui service, or a typically cheaper, but more basic Ouigo service - TGV trains are used for both.
4. These TGV trains can travel beyond the high speed lines to serve cities that include Brest, Nice, Perpignan and Toulouse.
5. Intercités are the long-distance express trains which don't use the high-speed lines and they primarily operate on these routes:

• Paris - Nevers - Vichy - Clermont-Ferrand
• Paris - Limoges - Toulouse
• Marseille - Nimes - Montpellier - Toulouse - Bordeaux
• Nantes - Bordeaux
• Nantes - Bourges - Lyon

6. The timetables on long-distance French rail routes are typically irregular, aside from Paris ↔ Lille and Lyon, the express train routes don't typically have hourly departures.
7. Discounted tickets also known as Prems tickets are available for travel by InOui and Intercités services.
8. Seat reservations are complimentary and are therefore included when booking tickets for a journey by an express train - InOui, Intercités and Ouigo.
9. It's not uncommon for all seats to be sold out on specific InOui services ahead of the day of departure, particularly when heading to holiday destinations - During July and August 2023 around 40% of InOui services were fully booked prior to departure.
10. The local and regional trains are known as TER services, but if you book the cheapest type of ticket for last minute travel at a station, you can only travel by these trains and cannot board any of the express services.
11. TER trains depart at least hourly on routes around Lyon, Nice, Metz and Lille, but gaps of two hours or more between departures are fairly common on other routes.
12. All international daytime trains to and from Paris are high-speed services:

• Eurostar - to/from London, Amsterdam, Brussels and Cologne
• TGV and ICE - to/from Frankfurt and Stuttgart
• Lyria - to/from Basel, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich
• TGV and Frecce trains - to/from Milan and Turin
• TGV trains - to/from Barcelona.

13. Nightjet trains now link Paris to Berlin and Vienna.
14. Overnight trains, which don't convey sleeping cabins, connect Paris to destinations in southern France including Nice and Perpignan.
15. At major French stations, the voie (platform / track) that each train will be leaving from will appear on the departure screens around twenty minutes prior to departure.
16. The departure info shows where to wait for easy boarding into the coaches of the TGV and Intercités train in which reserved seats will be located.
17. The centre of Paris is surrounded by multiple stations used by long-distances trains to / from different destinations.

• Est = trains to/from Colmar, Frankfurt, Luxembourg, Metz, Nancy, Reims, Strasbourg and Stuttgart
• Lyon = trains to/from Antibes, Avignon, Basel, Barcelona, Cannes, Dijon, the French Alps, Geneva, Grenoble, Marseille, Montpellier, Mulhouse, Nice, Nimes, Valence and Zurich
• Montparnasse = trains to/from Biarritz, Bordeaux, Brest, La Rochelle, Le Mans, Nantes, Poitiers, Rennes and Toulouse
• Nord = trains to/from Amsterdam, Brussels, Calais, Cologne, Lille and London
• St Lazare = trains to/from Bayeux, Caen, Cherbourg, Le Havre and Rouen

18. Transferring between the different stations in Paris can often be avoided by taking InOui and Ouigo services which use routes which circle around the capital and provide direct links, such as:

• Lille ↔ Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Nantes, Rennes and Strasbourg.
• Nantes and Rennes ↔ Lyon, Marseille and Strasbourg
• Bordeaux ↔ Strasbourg.

SNCF is the national rail operator in France and it provides virtually all French train services, which are grouped into these five categories

(1) TGV InOui = standard (superior) TGV services, which use the high speed lines for all or most of their journeys.

(2) Ouigo - More basic lower cost TGV services, which provide an alternative to the TGV InOui services on the high speed lines.

(3) Intercités = Express train services which don't use the high speed lines.
Cities which are only served by Intercités trains include Clermont-Ferrand and Limoges.

(4) TER services = The regional train services in France, but this encompasses a broad swathe of services including;

• trains that can spend more than two hours travelling between cities; and some of these routes can parallel the high speed lines;
• the local trains outside Paris.
• many of the services to and from Paris which until fairly recently were categorised as Intercités services, - these include the trains between Paris and Belfort, Boulogne, Cherbourg and Le Havre.
  How tickets can be purchased and used on these TER services from/to Paris can differ from the norm.

(5) Transilien services = the longer distance 'commuter' trains to/from Paris.
(The RER trains which travel across central Paris are co-operated between SNCF and RATP, which also operates the Paris Metro).

All on board announcements on domestic trains are French language only.
The conductors may not speak English on IC and TER trains, particularly those that don’t serve Paris.

The modernised trains used for many 'InOui' services offer enhanced Wi-fi, but if you will be travelling on other TGV trains, the connectivity can be patchy and is only theoretically available on the high speed lines.
Few other train services have Wi-Fi, it's not available on the Ougio or Intercités services.

There are four* different types of regular TGV train, which travel on the TGV InOui routes.

You can check which of these TGV trains will be used on a departure you will be taking by following these simple steps.

*Technically there are more than 4 types of TGV train, but we have focused on the four trains, that will have obvious differences in the on-board experience.

The Ouigo Services:

However, on most the high-speed routes, travellers now have a choice between travelling on standard TGV InOui service, OR on low-cost, more basic TGV services, which are branded 'Ouigo'.

In contrast to TGV InOui services, the Ouigo services:

• are 2nd class only,
• have no catering facilities available
• have no Wi-Fi etc,
• don't permit bikes on board,
• require pre-booking for pushchairs/strollers,
• have a less generous luggage allowance
• have a different boarding procedure
• have tickets that that can be booked up to 6 months ahead, but can't be refunded.

Previously most Ouigo services had used alternative stations away from the city centres, some still do so, but new Ouigo routes now offer a like-for-like comparison with TGV InOui services.
Particularly because many Ouigo services now depart from stations in central Paris.

Away from the LGVs (high speed lines):

TGV InOui trains can travel long distances away from the high speed lines.
But on these non-high speed routes, travelling by InOui services can* be more expensive than taking alternative Intercités or TER services.

* Tickets for the TGVs will be more expensive if you book last minute at the station, but will usually be cheaper if you book in advance.

The most popular routes on which the InOui trains don't travel at high speed are:

• Bordeaux ↔ Toulouse
• Marseille ↔ Nice
• Bordeaux ↔ Biarritz/Hendaye/Lourdes
• Rennes ↔ Quimper/Brest

Somewhat confusingly there are two distinct types of non-high speed express train services, which are both branded 'Intercités'.

(1) Longer distance trains which are the top-tier services on long distance routes that have no, or very limited, TGV services.
We have used the Intercités branding on ShowMeTheJourney for these train services, because they have specific ticketing terms and conditions, including the fact that seat reservations are compulsory (so are included when booking tickets).

(2) Other cross-country express train services.
ShowMeTheJourney has classified these services as 'IC France' - due to the differences in ticketing terms with the other Intercités trains.

TER train services are the regional trains in France, they can vary between local stopping trains in cities or rural areas - and faster services, which cross multiple regions.

The four key things worth knowing about TER services are:

• Seats can't be reserved.
• On routes which don't serve Paris, tickets aren't discounted, so you will pay the same price if you book last minute at the station; so if you'll be making a journey by most TER trains there's no need to book online.
• Though discounted tickets are offered on the longer-distance TER services between Paris and destinations to the north now branded as 'Krono' services; these are the routes on which Intercités services have been replaced by TER services in recent years.
• No on-board catering services will be provided.
• A wide variety of trains are used for TER services, you could be travelling on a brand new train, or a train that still conveys its sense of 1970s style.

The usual travel ‘rules’ in France for folding bikes, bagged and placed on the floor by your seat, can also apply to standard bikes IF you can fit your bike in a bag measuring 120cm X 90cm max, by removing its front wheel and then by placing it and the rest of the bike in the bag.

If you CAN'T meet those requirements, the rules for taking a non-folding bike on a train vary according to both the type of travelling you will by AND in which region you will be travelling; though it is now much more likely than not that you will be able to travel on French trains if you don't disassemble your bicycle.

What is particularly useful is that the recently launched national train ticket / travel ticket service, SNCF Connect, has incorporated the ability to add a wish to travel with a non-folding bicycle, into its journey search service.
So without buying a ticket, you can look up a journey and check which departures you can take a non-folding bike on board.

The ticket prices you will see for journeys by TGV and Intercités trains will include both your travel AND the bike’s; general info about booking French train tickets is available here.

Taking bikes on express trains in France:

You can take a non-folding bicycle on board Intercités trains for a flat fee of €5 regardless of the distance you will be travelling; and this price has recently been reduced by 50%.

For journeys by TGV, a recent changes is that a flat-rate reservation fee of €10 now covers journeys by any TGV InOui service, including the previously excluded double-deck TGV Duplex trains.

If you will be travelling by an Intercités, TGV Atlantique, TGV Duplex or TGV POS train, you usually have to interact with the train conductor, so when you’re at the station it’s worth checking what you’ll need to do.
Particularly if you won’t be joining a train at its starting point, so will have limited time on the voie (platform/track) to work out what the procedure is, when the train arrives.

However, the new TGV Oceane trains have been fitted with bike racks, so when you book a bike ticket on these trains, you will be reserving a space on the rack.

What’s also worth knowing is that you can’t book Premiére/1st class tickets for journeys by TGV or Intercités if you want to travel with a bike; presumably because the bike storage on these trains isn’t adjacent to the Premiére Class seating areas.

Taking a bike on regional trains in France:

In France the regional trains are the TER trains and most local train services outside of the Paris area are also classified as TER services.

You won’t need to purchase bike tickets for journeys by TER trains, but each region in France co-manages its TER trains with the national rail operator SNCF and the region can set certain stipulations, such as bikes not being allowed on trains at all at busy times.
Though what is universal is that when dedicated bike spaces are provided, they will be the only places on the train in which bikes can be stored and they're allocated on a first come, first served basis.
Meaning that you can't absolutely guarantee that space will be available for your bike(s); and many TER routes, particularly in rural areas, have gaps of two hours or more between departures.

Specific info is available by clicking the names of the regions on this list, though you'll need to use a translation facility if you can't read French - Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Bourgogne-Franche-Comte; Bretagne (Brittany); Centre val de Loire (the popularity of exploring the Loire Valley by bike has led to the creation of a special Train Velo Loire service, which can accommodate up to 83 bikes); Grand Est; Hauts De France; Normandy; Nouvelle Aquitaine; Occitaine; Pays de Loire and Provence-Alps-Cote d’Azur.

You can also take a bike on board a Transillien train, the longer-distance commuter routes to/from Paris EXCEPT when travelling on Monday to Friday between 6:30 - 9:30 and 16:30 - 19:30.

On your ticket ‘voiture = the coach/carriage number, ‘Place Assise’ = the seat number.

Also have your passport (or another form of ID) with you on any journey including domestic journeys solely within France.
You need ID with you for ANY ticket to be valid.

The earlier you can book journeys by Intercités and TGV InOui trains, the more money you can save.
That's because only limited numbers of the most heavily discounted tickets are made available on most routes taken by TGV and Intercités trains, but not by TER services.
Though on some routes by TER trains to and from Paris specific types of discounted tickets are available, but the saving is typically less than €10.
As the limited numbers of discounted tickets at the cheaper prices, inevitably sell out faster, the earlier you can book, the more likely it is that you will save money.

Tickets for journeys by Intercités and TGV InOui trains are now generally placed on sale 6 months (180 days) ahead of the travel date; this a relatively new extension of the advance booking period, which used to be 4 months.
In contrast tickets for Ouigo services are now typically available up to 9 months ahead!

If you look up journeys MORE than 6 months ahead on SNCF Connect, on routes shared by TGV InOui and Ouigo services, you will usually only see the Ouigo departures listed; so in these circumstances, don't assume that travelling by a Ouigo service will be your only journey option.
SNCF will alert you to the fact that additional tickets will become avaialable.

Looking up journeys for travel after the second Sunday in December

The booking period can be shorter when looking up journeys which involve travelling after the second Sunday in each December.
The nationwide and international train timetables / schedules have a major annual update, which takes effect from the second Sunday in December.
However, tickets can't be placed on sale until the new timetable is confirmed and this confirmation tends to occur around mid-October, there isn't a set date for this.
So if you will be be looking up a journey for travel after the second Sunday in December and can't find any tickets on the route you want to take, it will be because the tickets haven't yet been made available.

Introducing SNCF Connect:

SNCF Connect is the relatively new website for French rail tickets, hence ShowMeTheJourney's guide to what to look out for when making a booking.

Though some less obvious key features when booking on SNCF Connect, which are also different to the norm when booking European train tickets, are:

• For any journey in 2nd class on most French trains (Ouigo services are the exception) it isn't possible to choose between different types of ticket at the time of booking, only one type of ticket will be offered.
• It isn't possible to separate direct trains from journeys which involve connections.
• Journeys which involve more than two connections between trains (excluding transferring between stations in Paris) aren't available.

Aside from booking in advance for journeys by Intercités and TGV InOui trains, other money saving tips are:

• Ticket prices can be dependent on how popular a specific departure is likely to be, so different Intercites and InOui trains leaving the same day can be (much) cheaper than others.
• If you can book ahead, it's possible that tickets for the TGV InOui trains and Intercités may be cheaper than taking the TER trains, so you can have the option of getting to your destination faster AND saving money. TER train tickets can cost more than you might expect.

And if Ouigo trains are an alternative to the TGV InOui trains when making a high speed journey, you'll save money by taking a Ouigo.

If you will be travelling by local or TER trains, tickets will cost the same price if you buy them last minute at the station (some TER routes to/from Paris are now an exception).
However, when you buy a ticket(s) at the station it will be train service specific, meaning that if you buy a ticket that is valid for a journey by TER train services, you cannot then use on Intercités or TGV InOui trains.

All tickets* must be stamped at on the small yellow machines prior to boarding a train.
Normally these can be found at the entrance to a voie/track/platform.
*Tickets = tickets printed out by ticket machines or issued at ticket counters.

Reservations are compulsory for all journeys by TGV InOui trains, irrespective of whether the journey is on a high speed line, AND on some (but not all) Intercités trains.
The reservation will automatically be included, when booking tickets for journeys by these trains online; this also the case when booking tickets for Ouigo journeys

If you are booking 2nd class tickets for TGV InOui services you can choose the part of the train you would prefer to travel in.
However when booking 1st class tickets, you can also select specific seats from a seating plan; the more expensive of the two types of Ouigo tickets also enables the selection of specific seats.

Reservations are also mandatory on virtually all express trains to and from France including:

• on Eurostar,
• DB-SNCF
• Lyria,
• RENFE/SNCF,
• Thalys
• TGV France/Italy services
• the TGV trains between France and Belgium
  The reservation will automatically be included when booking tickets for journeys by these trains.

Children aged under 4 travel for free.
Children aged 4-11 pay half fare on all trains EXCEPT for Ouigo services, on which they travel at a flat rate of €5.
The adult rate is charged for all travellers aged 12 and over.

There is no main central station in Paris instead the city is ringed by seven terminals.

Train services between Paris and destinations to the north depart from and arrive at the Gare Du Nord, while those between Paris and the south-east France use the Gare De Lyon.
The two stations are linked by frequent RER (commuter) trains.

However there are direct TGVs between Lille and many destinations served by trains to/from the Gare De Lyon, including Avignon, Lyon, Marseille and Montpellier.

French train timetables are often irregular, many specific train services/departures only operate on certain days of the week.

Also few train services operate at regular intervals; timetables on which trains leave at the same minutes passed every hour are comparatively usual in France.
Though what's becoming more common is that the same departure and arrival times are used on each day, but the train services can be travelling to and from different final destinations on different days of the week.
Meaning that the shorter the distance you will be travelling, the more likely it is that you will able to take trains leaving at regular intervals.

On TGV InOui routes the service can vary from a train every 30 mins at peak times, to gaps of two hours or more between trains in the middle of the day.

The longer distance regional TER trains also tend to operate to very sporadic timetables.
1 x train per hour is the exception rather than the norm; on many TER routes there can be gaps of 3-4 hours between trains.

The most stunning journeys taken by long-distance trains are:

1. Nimes <> Clermont Ferrand
2. Marseille <> Toulon - Les Arcs > Nice
3. Chambery <> Bourg St Maurice
4. Beziers <> Clermont Ferrand
5. Grenoble > Veynes > Marseille
6. Chambery <> Modane
7. Geneve <> Aix-les-Bains
8. Geneve <> Bourg-en-Bresse
9. Besancon <> Belfort (not the high speed line)

Other beautiful journeys by local and regional trains include:

• Toulouse <> La Tour de Carol
• Marseille <> Sausset-Les-Pins (the Cote Bleu route)
• Vallorcine > Chamonix - St Gervais
• Perpignan <> La Tour De Carol (not SNCF)
• Nice <> Cuneo
• Nice <> Digne (not SNCF)
• Nice <> Ventimglia
• Gap <> Briancon
• Perpignan <> Cerbere

Short videos showcasing some of these journeys have been uploaded to the ShowMeTheJourney channel on YouTube.

Most of the main stations in French cities are very evocative of how they were originally constructed back in the 19th century.
So they can be beautiful locations in which to wait for and board a train, but they weren't built to accommodate 21st century travel requirements.

As a result the access to and from the trains at some non-terminal stations can be comparatively awkward, because at this type of station, a passage beneath the tracks can be the only means of accessing many of the voies (platforms/tracks) which the trains depart from and arrive at.
And these passage ways are often not equipped with escalators or lifts (elevators); if they are provided at all, their use is restricted to travellers who require mobility assistance.
Meaning that staircasess can be the only means of transferring to and from the trains, at some or most of the platforms/tracks at many stations including Bordeaux St Jean, Dijon-Ville and Toulouse Matabiau.

More info, including how to find your way to your train, is available on the guide to using French train stations.

Eight things that are particularly good to know when using any major station in France.

1. 'Voie' = the platform/track.

2. The voie (platform/track) that an express train will depart from is divided into zones, a repére = a zone.

3. Letters and not numbers are used for each repére (zone), but at some major stations the voies (platforms/tracks) also have letters in place of numbers.

4. If you be will taking an Intercités or TGV service, for easy boarding when you are on the voie (platform/track) that your train will be leaving from, you can use the info screens to check which specific repére (zone) each 'voiture' (coach) will occupy.
This repére (zone) information is only usually available when you are on the voie (platform/track).

5. The number or letter of the specific voie (platform/track) that a train will be departing from will not usually be confirmed until 20 minutes before the departure time
It may only be confirmed only 5 minutes in advance.
As a result the concourses at major stations can become crowded.

6. Because the voie (platform/track) is only confirmed so soon before departure, few major stations have departure sheets/posters.
If, for example, you want to check the return timings of a TER train, a good option is to pick up a pocket timetable for the route you will be taking, from a ticket office or 'Accueil' information desk.

7. However, not all 'Accueil' information desk staff will speak English.

8. All tickets* must be stamped at on the small yellow machines prior to boarding a train.
Normally these can be found at the entrance to a voie/track/platform.
*Tickets = tickets printed out by ticket machines or issued at ticket counters.

French stations have staffed luggage offices, you need to process your bags and then having done so, you take them to a locker.
Therefore pay attention to the opening times when you drop off your luggage, you can only return and retrieve it at designated hours.

Only the following stations have left luggage lockers provided by the national rail company SNCF

• **Bordeaux St-Jean
• Dijon-Vile
• Lille Europe
• Lyon Part Dieu
• Marne-la-Valley Chessy
• Marseille Saint-Charles
• Montpellier Saint-Roch
• Paris Gare du Nord
• Paris Gare de l'Est
• Paris Gare de Lyon
• Paris Montparnasse
• Paris Austerlitz
• Strasbourg
• Toulouse Matabiau

At other locations the left luggage facilities can be provided within the station or in its neighbourhood, by Nannybag.

Those who have booked Business Premiere tickets to travel on the TGV InOui trains can access Grand Voyageur lounges - Though they are only available at these stations: Paris Est; Paris Nord; Paris Montparnasse; Paris Gare de Lyon; Bordeaux-St Jean; Lille-Europe; Lille-Flandres; Lyon-Part Dieu; Marseille-St Charles; Nantes, Rennes and Strasbourg.

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