Buying and using Tickets & Rail Passes in Spain

This guide explains what to look out for when booking Spanish train tickets online, so that you can buy the optimum ticket.
The aim is to provide context for the tickets and journey options you should encounter, in usual circumstances when making a booking either online or at the station.
SMTJ has striven to ensure that the advice presented is as accurate as possible, but a guide such as this cannot cover every combination of journey options.

Worth knowing about taking many of the high speed routes

Renfe is the national rail operator doesn't have a monopoly on many of the high-speed routes.
When travelling between Madrid and destinations to the east and south, including Alicante, Barcelona, Malaga and Valencia, you can choose between travelling on up to four different high-speed train services:

1. AVE = full service trains operated by Renfe
2. iryo = full service trains very similar to the fastest trains operated in Italy by Trenitalia
3. avlo = more basic, 2nd class only trains operated by Renfe
4. Ouigo = more basic, 2nd class trains, similar to those which can be found on many high speed routes in France.

The Renfe ticket booking services does not sell tickets for the iryo and Ouigo services, but when available - the timings and prices of all four services can be compared and booked on Trainline and on Trenes.

See below for a summary of how the terms for exchanging and refunding tickets differs between the four services.

If you're not used to booking tickets for train journeys in Spain online, then it can be particularly quirky; Renfe is the national rail operator in Spain and its website uses unique terminology; hence the guide to booking with Renfe.

So either take 10 minutes to go through the info below, it should help save you money and confusion, or click on a specific question on the Content menu
And yes there's a lot of text, but hopefully not too much; SMTJ wishes booking Spanish tickets wasn't quite as complicated as it can seem.

The Spanish rail operator RENFE has recently simplified the range of tickets it offers and the terms and conditions of how they can be used, with the key change being is that there are now only three core types of ticket available for long-distance (larga-distancia) journeys:

A key thing worth knowing is that any ticket, including Basico tickets, can be canceled free of charge within two hours of purchase.

They are in ascending order of price from cheapest to most expensive.

1. Basico tickets:

You can only travel in Estander (2nd) class when you book Basico tickets.

After two hours since purchase has passed, the following terms apply:

• no transfer available to a different departure
• no refund if you cancel your trip or miss the train
• adding the flexibility to amend your ticket costs an additional price, from €12 to €30.
• named ticket holder can be changed for €40
• adding the ability to select a specific seat costs €8
• sitting in standard size seat in Estander (2nd) class

Basico tickets are not available for journeys by Avant or Media-Distancia (MD) trains.

Basico tickets are the only type of ticket available for travel by the avlo services.

2. Elige aka Pick n Mix tickets:

You can choose Estander (2nd) class OR 'Confort' (1st) class when booking Elige tickets for journeys by all AVE, Euromed and all Alvia (and most IC) trains
The initial price shown on Renfe will be for the 2nd Class Elige ticket, but if you click on the price you will see the option to upgrade to 1st class - and the additional cost of doing so.
If you book an Elige ticket you can opt to add a food/drink service to your booking regardless of which class you choose to travel by - you can select and pay for your choice of light meal, which will then be delivered to you at your seat(s).
Other options at booking include

• adding the flexibility to amend your ticket to an entirely different departure at no extra charge costs €20
• adding the ability to select a specific seat costs €5

After two hours since purchase has passed, the following terms apply:

• transfer to a different departure ahead of your travel date; you will only have to pay 20% of the cost of the replacement ticket
• if you cancel your trip you will receive 70% of the price paid
• if you miss the train you will only have to pay 30% of the price of the replacement ticket
• named ticket holder can be changed for €30.

Sitting in standard size seat in Estander (2nd) class OR when available a Comfort Plus seat in Estander Class - or in Confort (1st) class if you upgrade.
Elige tickets are not available on the Renfe trains between Spain and France.

3. Prémium Ticket:

You will be travelling in Confort (1st) class when you book Prémium tickets.
On journeys within Spain, all drinks and a hot light meal served at your seat will be complimentary, and as hot meals are only served on AVE and Euromed services, these are the only two train services, on which Prémium tickets will be made available.

• transfer to a different departure = no charge
• if you cancel your trip you will receive 95% of the price paid
• if you miss the train and need a replacement ticket = no charge (which gives the freedom to choose between departures on your travel date)
• change named ticket holder = no charge
• select a specific seat = no charge

Complete your journey by local trains

Book any ticket to travel on AVE, Alvia, IC or Torre Oro trains, and the journey will include travel to and from the station at which you will be starting or completing your express train journey.
The tickets will have barcodes which will open ticket gates and give access to local Cercanías trains (in Asturias, Madrid, Seville, Malaga, Valencia, Bilbao and Zaragoza); and the Rodalies trains in Barcelona and on the Alicante tram.

How soon you can book ahead for a journey by a Spansih express train varies according to the route and trains you will be taking.

If you'll be taking AVE services you can usually book up to 6 months ahead.
For Alvia train services the the booking period is more variable:

• Routes between Madrid and southern Spain and north-west Spain = up to 4 months ahead
• Routes between Madrid and north-east Spain = up to 2 months ahead

If you will be travelling on other trains, including the Euromed and IC services, bookings open up to 62 days ahead (2 months) ahead of the travel date.

The use of 'up to' is because Spanish train ticket booking periods typically don't straddle the end and beginning of a month.
Meaning that, for example, tickets available for journeys in June can be released for sale on the 1st of May,
So in this scenario if you want to travel at the end of June you will see tickets on sale for your journey if you look it up in the first week of May = up to 2 months ahead.
But if you want to travel at the beginning of July and look up a journey in the last week of May, you'll only find tickets on sale for travel until the end of June = five weeks ahead.
The same pattern is used for the 4 month periods, so for example tickets for journeys up until September 30th are released for sale on June 1st, but tickets for travel on all dates in October are released for sale on June 1st.

Don't be overly concerned about this being a tad vague; Spain is no longer country in which you have to rush to book when tickets are placed on sale, in order to obtain the cheapest price.

*= Tickets for most routes taken by Regional Express (RE) trains are not usually sold online, but the RE trains to/from Barcelona can be an exception.

The short answer to that question is usually, but not always.

You definitely won’t if you be travelling by Avant or Media-Distancia or RE train services; that's because tickets for journeys by these train services aren't discounted.

In contrast, for any journey by a (‘larga-distancia’) express trains; the AVE, Alvia, Euromed, IC and Torre Oro servives - booking online, or using an Advance Travel desk, is cheaper than buying tickets from the counters which sell tickets for travel that day.

Though there aren't any specific types of ticket which are money savers.
All three types of ticket (Basico, Elige and Prémium) for a journey by a long-distance train (AVE, Alvia, Torre Oro, IC) can initially be placed on sale at at cheaper price.

Although Spain’s national rail operator Renfe applies a particularly extreme form of ‘airline style pricing’ to its tickets.
Meaning that demand per departure often has a bigger impact on ticket prices, compared with how far ahead you are booking.

If you will be travelling on AVE or Euromed services, the more popular departures can be always more expensive, no matter how far head you book.

In contrast you’ll be much more likely to make big savings if you can book ahead for journeys by Alvia train; particularly when travelling between Madrid and northern Spain.

General money saving advice

The type of train service and route you will be taking also impacts on how far ahead you need to book, in order to make big savings.
If you want to travel on a specific AVE or Euromed departure you might only save less than €10 when booking two months ahead, compared with booking only a few days ahead.
However, on the routes taken by IC trains and Alvia trains you can, more often than not, save 30-40% (or more) by booking at least a couple of weeks ahead for travel on a specific departure.

Though note that is broad advice - the core point we’re making is that saving more than 30%, when booking Spanish train tickets in advance, can be the exception rather than the norm.
Spain is not a country where you can typically save more than 50-60% of the ticket price by booking ahead for specific departures..

Though if you want to be able to:

• choose from any departure on your chosen route, or;
• need to travel at a specific time, on routes with less frequent services
  then booking a minimum of five days ahead is recommended as some departures can sell out.

Basico are the cheapest type of tickets sold by Renfe for long-distance 'larga-distancia' journeys and they are now available up until departure.
Renfe tends to differentiate the different types of ticket by their terms and conditions, so Basico tickets aren't cheaper because you can book ahead to save money
They are cheaper because of how they can be used is more limited than the more expensive Elige type of ticket.

When booking on the English language version of the Renfe website, the terms and conditions of each type of ticket aren’t translated, but the key thing to note about ‘Basico’ AND 'Elige' tickets is that they are departure specific

If you have booked a Basico ticket and then ahead of your booked travel time you subsequently need to change your travel plans, and you haven't upgraded, you'll have to buy an entirely new ticket.

Upgrading a Basico ticket so that you can:

• transfer it to another departure ahead of your booked travel time
• take another train if you don't make it on time
• receive 95% of the price paid in the event of cancelling your travel plans
  will cost €30; and can only be paid at the time of booking.

Though the Basico tickets, can be canceled free of charge within two hours of purchase.

In contrast if you opt to book an Elige ticket, which are now always offered as an alternative to Basico tickets, when travelling by AVE, Alvia, Inter City and Torre Oro trains, you will pay a higher price, but will have more flexibility;

In addition to how soon in advance you are booking and the terms of conditions of using each type of ticket, these four other factors are worth keeping in mind:

(1) Both the route you will be taking AND the train services that travel on them impact on ticket prices; see the notes below.

(2) It’s not unusual for one or two specific departure per day on a route, to be (much) cheaper than the other departures.

(3) Tickets tend to be more expensive on Mondays, Fridays and Sundays and around national holidays.

(4) Taking a direct train can be more expensive than journey options which involve a change of train.

These four factors aren’t exceptional, they also matter when booking tickets in advance in other European countries, but they appear to be more extremely applied in Spain.

If you are fortunate enough to fall into this age group enquire about the Tarjeta Dorada discount card, when you are at a station with a staffed ticket office.
It costs only €6 and will give you access to a 20-40% discount on ticket prices.

Aside from local train services, Spanish national train operator Renfe places the majority of the train services it operates into categories, with each category having a specific service name.

Ticket pricing and the type of tickets available isn’t a factor in how each train service is defined; the train categories are based on speed and what percentage of the journey the train service spends travelling on a high speed line.

But these specific types of train can impact on ticket prices; so here are five factors to be aware of when looking up Spanish train journeys;

(1) AVE train services stay on the high speed lines for their entire journeys, but because they are fast, the cheapest available ticket prices can be harder to track down on AVE services.

(2) While Alvia train services spend only some of their journeys on the high speed lines, so prices per km can be cheaper on Alvia routes.

(3) In contrast to the larga-distancia routes, tickets aren’t discounted on the media-distancia routes, so if you will be travelling by an Avant or Media-Distancia train service, you won’t save money by booking in advance online

(4) However, if you won't be travelling on the 'larga-distancia' trains and routes you might be able to save money by being selective about which train service you take.
If there is a choice between Avant and Media Distancia services, the Avant services will always be more expensive because they are (much) faster.

(5) When booking tickets to travel between the main cities on the larga-distancia express trains, the ticket will also include a barcode which will open the ticket gates, which give access to the 'Cercanias' or 'Rodalies' local train networks.
So in many cities including Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, Malaga, Oviedo, Seville and Valenica, you can travel to and from the stations by these local trains at no extra charge.

Spanish train ticket prices are closely tied to demand, the more popular a specific train departure is, the more expensive it will be.
But this impacts on routes too, the high speed routes, particularly those to/from Madrid, are inevitably popular.

The Spanish national rail operator Renfe, understandably wants to exploit this popularity, so high demand journeys such as Madrid ↔ Barcelona, tend to be more expensive.
So the popularity of a journey matters more than distance when Renfe is calculating ticket prices.

For example it’s generally more expensive to travel between Madrid and Barcelona than it is to travel between Madrid and more far-flung cities such as Bilbao and Vigo.

Less-popular routes means less-frequent trains, but these are also often the routes on which you can make the biggest savings when booking in advance.
So it’s still possible to find a bargain; for example, you can make the five hour + journey between Madrid and Bilbao for under €20!

It’s generally less expensive to travel between Madrid and cities in northern Spain, than it is to travel between the capital and destinations to the east and south.

Another very good reason for booking a route with less frequent trains in advance online, is that some train departures can sell out completely a couple of days ahead of the travel date.

On many ‘larga-distancia’ routes, trains don’t operate particularly frequently, but if you will be travelling between the larger cities on the high speed routes, you can expect to choose between more than 10 x departures per day
On these journeys, some specific departures per day are inevitably more popular than others; so this is when the fact that demand impacts on Spanish ticket prices, particularly matters.

As soon as tickets are released for sale, some departures on these more frequent routes will be charged at a higher price, so some departures will be consistently more expensive, no matter how far ahead you’re booking.
So try and keep your departure/arrival times as flexible as possible and search through the departures on your travel date.

It’s not unusual for one or two departures to be more than €30 cheaper than any other departure that day.
So you can typically save MORE than €30 by choosing an earlier or later departure; but might save LESS than €30 by booking ahead.

The most popular departure times can vary per route, but on routes with several departures per day it can be wise to avoid setting off between 09:00 and 10:00 and between 16:00 and 18:00
Also on routes which have a choice of train services, the slower services may not be cheaper at times of high demand; so for example, a slower Alvia train service departing Madrid at 17:00 can be more expensive than a faster AVE train, leaving at 13:00.

On some routes ticket prices can be particularly expensive either side of holidays, especially on Fridays and Sundays; the rise in demand can mean that the cheaper tickets won’t be placed on sale.

Instead you can make big savings by travelling a week or two either side of a holiday weekend and other times of high demand.
So if you can be flexible with your travel dates, it can pay off to look up prices for a week ahead and a week after the travel date you initially had in mind.

Though this seems to matter less on routes with more frequent AVE trains such as between Madrid and both Barcelona and Seville.

Renfe offers particularly generous delay compensation terms and it's not repaid by vouchers, so you don't have to buy another ticket to receive a pay back - but if you do so within 6 months you can also receive a 20% discount on the ticket purchase!

Note that these terms don't apply to the iryo and Ouigo services.

A full refund can be claimed in the event of these delays to the respective train services:

• AVE = 30 minutes
• Alvia = 60 minutes
• Euromed = 60 minutes
• avlo = 90 minutes
• Intercity = 90 minutes
• MD = 90 minutes

A 50% refund can be claimed in event of these dalays:

• AVE = 15 minutes
• Alvia = 30 minutes
• Euromed = 30 minutes
• avlo = 60 minutes
• Intercity = 60 minutes
• MD = 60 minutes
• Trains from France to Spain = 120 minutes

When looking up some journeys, including between Madrid and Barcelona, you can often spot what seem like bargain prices, around 50% cheaper than the standard fare.
But check the journey times carefully before rushing to book these, they can be much longer and also usually involve a change of train.

Renfe is the operator of the national rail services in Spain and it has a blissfully simple child tickets policy, namely children aged 5 -13 and under are entitled to a 40% discount on any of its rail tickets.
If you want to place a child aged four and under in its own seat, they will also have a 40% discount on the ticket price, but if you'll be happy to travel with the child on their lap, then there is no charge.

On the larga-distancia services

On the standard long distance express trains, the AVE, Alvia, Euromed and IC services, you can add a dog as an extra when making booking:
The flat rate prices, irrespective of distance and departure are:
Basic (second class) = €20
Comfort XL or Elige + Comfort tickets (first class) = €10
Premium Class = no charge

However, dogs can only be taken on board most of these larga-distancia services if they can travel in a container measuring no more than 60x35x35 cm and do not weigh more than 10kg.

If your dog weighs between 11kg and 40kg it can be taken on a few departures by AVE trains on routes between Madrid and Alicante, Barcelona, Valencia and Zaragoza.
These departures now have a dog paw symbol, when looking up a journey on the Renfe website.
Though you will need to select the more expensive 'Elige' tickets and the reservation fee for the dog is €35.

Note that:

• you can take smaller dogs which weigh up to 10kg on departures with no paw symbol,
• you can't take dogs which weigh between 11kg and 40kg on any Alvia, Euromed or IC service,
• the English translation implies that you will be reserving a seat for the dog, but you will be reserving a place on a special mat that will be placed on the floor in front of the seat,
• you cannot use the seat selection service that's typically available when booking 'Elige' tickets.

On the media-distancia services

On the other trains operated by Renfe, including the Avant, MD and Regional-Express services, the dog can weigh more than 10kg and it doesn't have to be placed in a container.
For travel on these services it looks as though the dog ticket price will be 25% of the Adult rate.

Non-folding bikes can only be taken on board any of the express train services - Altaria; Alvia; Avant; AVE; Euromed and Talgo if they are disassembled and placed in a bag or case measuring no more than 120 x 90 x 40cm (length-height-width).

If you can fit a bike in the case or bag, then you don’t have to buy a bike ticket; for an express train or for a journey by the Media-Distancia services, it in effect becomes a piece of hand luggage.

If you don’t want to disassemble a non-folding bike, you can only take it on:

• the regional/local ‘Media Distancia’ services, including those that are specifically branded MD
• Regional-Express
• the local trains in cities – including the Cercanias and FEVE trains.

If you will be travelling for less than 100km, you apparently don’t need a ticket, but for longer journeys there is flat rate bike transport fee of €3, which can be booked at station, or online on the Renfe website.
Adding the bike to an online booking will typically also ensure your bike will have a reserved place on the train.

If you purchase a bike ticket at a major station allow plenty of time for this, as the process is what's used for oversized items of luggage, hence a procedure that's a lot more complicated than purchasing a typical train ticket; which is why it's now better to add the bike when booking online.

Some of these trains won’t have dedicated bike storage and on those that don’t, you can take a bike on board and be guided by the conductor as to where you should leave it – BUT there’s a slight possibility that the conductor will decide that there’s no room for a bike.

If bike storage is a provided for on the train you will be taking, you have to store a bike in these dedicated spaces, but by booking online you can be sure that space will be available.

Summary of the key terms and conditions of the types of ticket which can be be booked for these four high-speed train services.

Refunds

• AVE trains: Basico tickets = no refund if you cancel your trip
• AVE trains: Elige tickets = if you cancel your trip you will receive 70% of the price paid
• AVE trains: Premier tickets = if you cancel your trip you will receive 95% of the price paid
• iryo trains: multiple types of ticket= if you cancel your trip more than than 7 days ahead you will receive from 80% to 100% of the price paid ; less than 7 days ahead you will receive from 75% to 95% of the price paid
• avlo trains = no refund if you cancel your trip
• Ouigo trains: Essenical + Plus tickets = no refund if you cancel your trip
• Ouigo trains: Full tickets = opt to either receive 80% of the price paid, or the equivalent of 100% if you opt for travel vouchers.

Exchanges

• AVE trains: Basico tickets = no transfer available to a different departure, unless you pay from €12 to €30 for additional flexibility
• AVE trains: Elige tickets = pay 20% of the cost of the replacement ticket for the alternative train; but, adding the flexibility to amend your ticket to an entirely different departure at no extra charge costs €20
• AVE trains: Premier tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure
• iryo trains: Incial Flexible tickets = pay the difference in price if the new departure you want to travel by is more expensive*
• iryo trains: Singular Flexible tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure, if arranged at least 24 hrs in advance*
• iryo trains: Infinita Flexible tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure, if arranged at least 24 hrs in advance*
• iryo trains: Infinita Flexible tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure
• iryo trains: Singular Cafe Abierta tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure
• avlo trains = no transfer available to a different departure, unless you pay an additional €8 when making the initial booking
• Ouigo trains: Essenical + Plus tickets = can be amended for a flat rate of €7
• Ouigo trains: Full tickets = no charge for transfer to a different departure

*= Exchanges can be arranged less than 24 hours prior to departure, but this will incur additional costs.

Spain has a reputation for being something of a no-go zone when exploring Europe with 'global' Eurail and InterRail passes, due to the high volume of trains which require rail pass users to pay reservation fees.
But those trains with the comparatively expensive fees happen to be some of the most fabulous trains on earth and they travel on high speed lines which cost billons of euros to construct.
Also if you go long-distance on the popular routes, those fees can be comparatively good value for money.

If you want to explore Spain by making long-distance journeys on the express trains it's worth comparing a RENFE Spain Pass with an InterRail One Country Pass for Spain or a Eurail Pass for Spain.

The big tick in the box for the RENFE Spain pass is that despite reservations being required for journeys by the larga-distancia express trains and most Media-Distancia services, you won't be charged for them; so in effect they're included on the pass.
With a RENFE-Spain pass you can book reservations at ticket counters at stations

With the Eurail and Interrail passes, the same reservation fees as 'Global Passes' will apply (see below)

If you will be travelling with a Eurail or InterRail multi-country ‘Global’ pass, don’t let the fact that you’ll have pay to reserve seats prior to boarding most Spanish train services, hold you back from including Spain on your travel itinerary.

Rail passes can be good value in Spain, tickets on the high speed routes between Madrid and Barcelona, Malaga and Seville can be comparatively expensive, so only paying the reservation fee can be a money saver; particularly when the limited numbers of discounted tickets have sold out.

Eurail and InterRail Reservation fees:

(1) AVE trains: 1st class =€13 OR €23.50*; 2nd class = €10
*The €23.50 charge includes a light meal.

All of the fastest high speed trains between Madrid and Barcelona, Girona Figueres, Malaga and Valencia are AVE trains.
Most of the high speed trains between Madrid and both Alicante and Seville are AVE trains.
AVE trains also operate between Barcelona/Madrid and Malaga/Seville and on some departures between Madrid and Leon.

(2) Euromed,1st class =€13 OR €23.50*; 2nd class = €10
*The €23.50 charge includes a light meal.
Euromed trains operate on the Barcelona - Valencia - Alicante route

(3) Alvia trains: 1st class = €10; 2nd class = €6:50
Alvia trains provide most of the services between Madrid and northern Spain

(4) Avant trains: 1st* and 2nd class = €4
These short distance high speed trains are 2nd class only, so 1st class pass users need to pay the fee and travel 2nd class.

(5) IC and IC (Talgo) trains: 1st class = €10; 2nd class = €6:50

(6) Media Distancia trains: 1stn and 2nd class = €4
Most of these trains are 2nd class only, so 1st class pass users need to pay the fee and travel 2nd class.
A notable exception are the regional trains on the:

• Barcelona - Girona - Figueres - Port Bou - Cerbere; and
• Barcelona - La Tour De Carol routes,
  fees don't have to be paid to travel by these trains.

Booking these reservations:

Spanish national rail operator RENFE does not sell rail pass reservations online, but reservations for journeys on the AVE, Alvia and Euromed trains are now available by using the Eurail reservation service or the InterRail reservation service.

The only option, other than booking them at a station in Spain, is to pre-reserve seats by calling Renfe phone sales: +34 91 232 03 20.

Pre-reserving a seat is possible up to 24 hours before a train's departure. You will receive a PNR code which you must use to pick up and pay for your reservation at a local station ticket office, making sure to show your Interrail Pass. You must collect your reservation within 72 hours. After this time the pre-reservation will expire.
Please note that a pre-reservation is not the same as a reservation. It only holds a seat for you for 72 hours.

The ticket booking desks at Spanish stations can vary; at most large stations there will be separate ticket desks for reservations for trains leaving that day and for advance reservations..
Using an advance reservation desk can take time, so a good option is to use one of these ticket offices to book all the reservations you'll need while travelling in Spain.

Be aware that reservations may be completely sold out on the most popular trains, so if you want to book reservations on your travel date, the best option is to head for the station early in the morning; and then be flexible re: the times you will actually be travelling.
If need be deposit your bags in a left luggage office and then return to the station later in order to catch your train.

Also not all ticket counter staff will speak English, particularly outside of Barcelona and Madrid, though don’t be overly worried about this; when SMTJ was using Spanish ticket desks with our InterRail Pass, the staff were exceptionally helpful.

Using Eurail & InterRail Passes for train journeys FROM Spain:

(1) On RENFE-SNCF trains on the Paris - Barcelona route:
Fees vary depending on the journey:
Barcelona to Paris: 1st class = €48; 2nd class = €34.

Or save money by following an alternative routing from Barcelona to Paris.

(2) On RENFE-SNCF trains from other cities in France to Spain including the Marseille to Madrid route:
Fees vary depending on the journey:
Madrid to Marseille: 1st class = €48; 2nd class = €34
Barcelona to Lyon: 1st class = €26; 2nd class = €19

When travelling to and from Spain on the high-speed RENFE-SNCF trains, you can use the Eurail reservation service or the InterRail reservation service, but you will be charged a €2 booking fee per reservation per person.
Or (in theory) you can call 00 33 18494 3635.

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